At the beginning of your academic writing project you have to decide on a type of thesis. An overview of the seven stages of the research and academic writing helps. Each of these stages has its own characteristics with regard to the task, the goal, the methods, the sources and the challenges. And with each stage the difficulties increase, like in mountaineering. The right decision for one of the stages makes it easier to start the thesis. Here are the seven stages.
Stage 1 - Creating a knowledge system (thesis type: literature analysis)
The literature analysis thesis is the first and therefore the easiest of all stages. It is simply an overview of previous knowledge on a specific topic. This kind of thesis is possible when there is already quite a lot to a question. The task is to compile content from all kinds of reliable sources and present it clearly. The goal is thus an overview of secured knowledge about a question. Suitable sources for this kind of thesis are scientific publications such as textbooks and articles, but also statistics and publications of all kinds by experts.
The challenge is to maintain an overview in the diversity of information and to make the presentation systematic and comprehensible. In addition, the knowledge gained should also be critically examined and interpreted. This is the own contribution to new knowledge.
Stage 2 - Overview of the current state of research (Thesis type: Literature Review)
The Literature Review is a special kind of thesis. It is a very structured and systematic overview of current research findings from selected scientific articles. The sources for this type of thesis are exclusively professional journals. Other sources are only used for the introduction. Prerequisite for the success of this type of thesis is the existence of suitable professional articles on the topic. Therefore, at the beginning of the thesis there is a specific search for such professional articles. If there are not enough professional articles available, the topic has to be adapted accordingly. At least 15 relevant professional articles are required. The tangible result of this type of thesis is a matrix of the contents of the selected articles. The challenge is to quickly find one's way in a relatively new field of research without having the necessary experience.
Stage 3 - Survey with standardized questionnaire (Thesis type: empirical thesis with questionnaire)
In this type of thesis certain target groups are analyzed. A prerequisite for the survey is the existence of knowledge about the research subject. Therefore, the state of research is to be compiled from literature, either in the form of a literature review or a literature thesis. For the survey a separate questionnaire has to be developed. The challenge of this kind of thesis is the development of the questionnaire, the research hypotheses and the statistical evaluation of the collected data. Usually these activities are not sufficiently trained during the studies. Therefore, before deciding on such a type of thesis, one has to think carefully about whether one can master these challenges.
The result of this type of thesis is self-generated knowledge about the target group.
Stage 4 - Survey with partially standardized expert interviews (Thesis-Type: Empirical thesis with interview guide)
If there are still few findings on a specific research topic, it is useful to interview experts with the help of interview guidelines. This can build on existing knowledge. This should be gathered from economic sources. The challenges of this type of thesis are the preparation of the interview guide, working with qualitative methods of evaluation and the interpretation of the information obtained. Finding and winning experts are also major challenges.
The results of this type of thesis are findings that significantly expand the current state of knowledge in a certain direction.
Stage 5 - Survey with explorative interviews (Thesis type: Empirical thesis with open interview)
This type of thesis is to be used when there is still very little knowledge available on a specific research topic. In this case, basic information about the field has to be collected first. This type of thesis is always considered when relatively rare or completely new phenomena are involved. The challenge is to find the right interlocutors and to familiarize oneself with the subject area without having to resort to a variety of sources.
The result of this type of thesis is a first and fundamental insight into a certain narrowly defined research question.
Step 6 - Carrying out an experiment (thesis type: empirical thesis with protocols)
This type of thesis is typical for scientific subjects. It is about gaining new knowledge under narrowly defined conditions. In the social sciences, experiments are also used time and again. However, these are very complex and very difficult to design realistically. Experiments must be prepared very carefully. For this purpose, literature sources on previous findings must be evaluated and the framework conditions must be precisely defined. The results of experiments are new findings that can be easily checked by other scientists.
Tip: Enter this stage only if you study natural or technical sciences and therefore have to!
Stage 7 - Making an observation (Thesis type: Empirical thesis with an observation sheet)
The seventh and final stage of scientific thesis comes into question when you know almost nothing about something. The first step is to collect and evaluate basic information about the relevant facts. One challenge is that there are still few findings on this specific subject in the literature. This kind of thesis therefore requires quite a lot of time, self-confidence. Courage and expertise in a scientific thesis.
Tip: This type of thesis is therefore better saved for a dissertation. The results of observations are new findings that have a chance to make scientific breakthroughs.
Enjoy writing your text!
Silvio and the Aristolo Team
PS: Check out the Thesis-ABC and the Thesis Guide for writing a bachelor or master thesis in 31 days.
